Web browsers play a crucial role in interpreting and rendering web pages by parsing HTML, CSS, and JavaScript code to create a visual representation of the content.

When a user requests a web page, the browser sends a request to the server that hosts the website. The server responds by transmitting the HTML, CSS, and JavaScript files that comprise the web page. The browser then initiates the process of interpreting and rendering these files.

The first step in this process involves parsing the HTML. HTML, or HyperText Markup Language, serves as the foundational structure of any web page. It outlines the content and organization of the page. The browser reads the HTML from top to bottom, constructing a Document Object Model (DOM) as it progresses. The DOM is a tree-like structure that represents the HTML document, allowing the browser to comprehend the organization of the page.

Subsequently, the browser parses the CSS, or Cascading Style Sheets. CSS is responsible for styling the HTML elements and controlling the overall layout of the web page. The browser applies the CSS rules to the corresponding elements in the DOM, which ultimately determines how these elements will be visually displayed on the screen.

While parsing the HTML and CSS, the browser concurrently interprets any JavaScript included in the web page. JavaScript is a programming language that facilitates interactive elements on the web page, such as forms, animations, and other dynamic content. The browser executes the JavaScript code, which can manipulate the DOM to modify the content and appearance of the web page.

Once all HTML, CSS, and JavaScript have been parsed and interpreted, the browser proceeds to render the web page. This rendering process involves painting the elements onto the screen in the appropriate order and position, based on the instructions provided by the HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. The outcome is the visual representation of the web page that users see.

In summary, web browsers interpret and render web pages by parsing HTML, CSS, and JavaScript code, constructing a DOM, applying CSS styles, executing JavaScript, and finally rendering the elements on the screen. This intricate process occurs within milliseconds, delivering a seamless web browsing experience to users.