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How to find saddle point in a game matrix?

To identify a saddle point in a game matrix, we can apply the row minimum and column maximum method.

First, we will determine the minimum value in each row of the matrix. Consider the following example matrix:

ABC124321523321\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|} \hline & A & B & C \\ \hline 1 & 2 & 4 & 3 \\ \hline 2 & 1 & 5 & 2 \\ \hline 3 & 3 & 2 & 1 \\ \hline \end{array}

In this matrix, the minimum values for each row are as follows:

  • For row 1, the minimum is 22.
  • For row 2, the minimum is 11.
  • For row 3, the minimum is 11.

Next, we will find the maximum value in each column of the matrix. In our example, the maximum values for the columns are:

  • For column A, the maximum is 33.
  • For column B, the maximum is 55.
  • For column C, the maximum is 33.

Now, we will search for any values in the matrix that are both a row minimum and a column maximum. In this case, the value 22 located at cell (2,1)(2,1) is the only value that satisfies both conditions, making it the saddle point of the matrix.

If no value meets both criteria, then it can be concluded that the matrix lacks a saddle point.

In summary, to find a saddle point in a game matrix, one must first calculate the row minimums and column maximums, and then identify any values that fulfill both conditions.

Answered by: Dr. Lucas Harris
A-Level Maths Tutor
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