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How does pressure influence rate in gaseous reactions?

Pressure plays a crucial role in determining the rate of gaseous reactions by influencing the concentration of reactants. Generally, higher pressure leads to an increased reaction rate.

In the context of gaseous reactions, pressure is directly proportional to concentration. This relationship is grounded in the ideal gas law, which asserts that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its concentration, defined as the number of moles per unit volume. Consequently, when the pressure in a gaseous system increases, the concentration of gas molecules also rises. This increase results in a higher frequency of collisions among reactant molecules, thereby accelerating the rate of reaction.

However, it is essential to understand that this principle primarily applies to reactions where the total number of moles of gaseous reactants exceeds the total number of moles of gaseous products. According to Le Chatelier’s principle, an increase in pressure in such reactions will shift the equilibrium position toward the side with fewer moles of gas, which can enhance the reaction rate.

On the other hand, if the total number of moles of gaseous reactants is less than that of the gaseous products, an increase in pressure will shift the equilibrium position toward the side with more moles of gas. This shift could potentially decrease the rate of reaction.

Moreover, the impact of pressure on the rate of reaction is more significant in processes involving larger molecules. Larger molecules occupy more space, meaning that an increase in pressure (and consequently concentration) has a more pronounced effect on the frequency of collisions among these molecules.

In conclusion, pressure can significantly affect the rate of gaseous reactions by influencing the concentration of reactants and the frequency of molecular collisions. Nonetheless, the specific effect of pressure on the reaction rate may vary based on the reaction conditions and the characteristics of the reactants and products involved.

Answered by: Prof. Lily Johnson
IB Chemistry Tutor
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