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How does bond energy vary between single, double, and triple bonds?

Bond energy typically increases from single to double to triple bonds, indicating that triple bonds are the strongest, while single bonds are the weakest.

To elaborate, bond energy, also known as bond enthalpy, refers to the amount of energy required to break a bond between two atoms. It serves as a measure of the strength of a chemical bond: the stronger the bond, the more energy is necessary to break it.

Single bonds are the most basic type of bond, characterized by the sharing of two electrons between two atoms. These bonds exhibit the lowest bond energy due to the relatively low electron density between the atoms, which makes them easier to break.

In contrast, double bonds involve the sharing of four electrons between two atoms. This increased electron density results in a stronger bond, leading to a higher bond energy. Consequently, double bonds are more difficult to break, as the greater number of shared electrons enhances the attraction between the two atoms.

Triple bonds represent the strongest bond type among the three, with six electrons shared between two atoms. The high electron density associated with triple bonds contributes to their substantial strength, resulting in the highest bond energy. Consequently, breaking a triple bond requires a significant amount of energy due to the large number of electrons binding the atoms together.

However, it is crucial to recognize that while this trend generally holds true, exceptions can arise based on the specific atoms involved in the bond. Factors such as atomic size, electronegativity, and the overall molecular structure can all influence bond energy.

For instance, a carbon-carbon single bond may exhibit lower bond energy than a carbon-oxygen double bond, despite the general expectation that double bonds are stronger. This discrepancy arises because oxygen is more electronegative than carbon, which strengthens the bond.

In summary, while the general trend indicates that bond energy increases from single to double to triple bonds, it is essential to consider the specific atoms involved in the bond for a thorough understanding.

Answered by: Prof. Lily Johnson
IB Chemistry Tutor
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