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How do you calculate the angle subtended by a sector at the centre?

To determine the angle subtended by a sector at the center of a circle, you can use the following formula:

Angle (in degrees)=(Arc LengthRadius)×(180π)\text{Angle (in degrees)} = \left( \frac{\text{Arc Length}}{\text{Radius}} \right) \times \left( \frac{180}{\pi} \right)

This formula relates the arc length of the sector to the radius of the circle. It is derived from the fact that the circumference of a circle is given by 2πr2\pi r, where rr represents the radius.

To begin, you need to know the arc length of the sector, which is the distance measured along the curved edge of the sector. Let’s denote the arc length as LL and the radius as rr. The angle subtended at the center of the circle (in radians) can be calculated as:

Angle (in radians)=Lr\text{Angle (in radians)} = \frac{L}{r}

However, since angles are frequently expressed in degrees in GCSE Maths, we must convert the angle from radians to degrees. Given that there are 180180 degrees in π\pi radians, we multiply the angle in radians by 180π\frac{180}{\pi} to obtain the angle in degrees:

Angle (in degrees)=(Lr)×(180π)\text{Angle (in degrees)} = \left( \frac{L}{r} \right) \times \left( \frac{180}{\pi} \right)

For example, let’s consider a scenario where the arc length is 1010 cm and the radius is 55 cm. The angle in radians can be calculated as follows:

105=2 radians\frac{10}{5} = 2 \text{ radians}

To convert this angle to degrees, we perform the following calculation:

2×(180π)114.59 degrees2 \times \left( \frac{180}{\pi} \right) \approx 114.59 \text{ degrees}

Therefore, the angle subtended by the sector at the center of the circle is approximately 114.59114.59 degrees.

Answered by: Prof. Michael Lewis
IB Physics Tutor
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